Kontaminasi Mikrobiologis Dan Parasitologis Pada Air Bersih Di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur 2020-2025
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Nabila Azzahra
Vitratul Ilahi
Muhamad Sholichin
Air bersih yang aman dari kontaminasi mikrobiologis dan parasitologis merupakan prasyarat utama kesehatan masyarakat, namun capaian akses air minum aman di Indonesia masih jauh tertinggal dibandingkan akses air minum layak secara umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan tren tahun publikasi, sebaran jenis sumber air, sebaran wilayah, dan peluang riset kontaminasi mikrobiologis dan parasitologis pada sumber air bersih di Indonesia melalui analisis literatur. Penelusuran dilakukan pada basis data Google Scholar menggunakan Harzing's Publish or Perish dengan kata kunci kontaminasi mikrobiologis dan cemaran bakteri air bersih Indonesia, dibatasi pada rentang tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Setelah skrining judul, pemeriksaan duplikasi, dan pengecekan kelengkapan metadata mengikuti alur seleksi bergaya PRISMA, diperoleh 115 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria kelayakan untuk dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan tren publikasi meningkat tajam pada 2024 dan 2025, menyumbang lebih dari separuh total artikel. Air minum umum dan depot air minum isi ulang mendominasi objek penelitian dengan proporsi 73,9%, sementara Coliform dan Escherichia coli menjadi parameter yang paling banyak diuji sebesar 66,1%, umumnya menggunakan metode Most Probable Number. Wilayah penelitian masih terkonsentrasi di Pulau Jawa, sedangkan tidak satu pun artikel yang secara eksplisit meneliti kontaminasi parasitologis ditemukan sepanjang periode tersebut. Temuan ini menunjukkan penelitian kontaminasi air bersih di Indonesia masih terkonsentrasi secara tematik, objek, dan wilayah, sehingga membuka peluang riset yang luas pada aspek parasitologis, sumber air non-komersial, serta wilayah di luar Pulau Jawa.
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