Perbandingan Capital Asset Pricing Model Dan Model Tiga Faktor Untuk Estimasi Stock Returns Tinjauan Pustaka Dengan Metode Prisma
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Ardi Hirmansah
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) adalah alat fundamental di bidang keuangan, yang dikembangkan oleh William Sharpe, yang membantu investor mengevaluasi karakteristik risiko dan pengembalian aset dan portofolio. CAPM memberikan kerangka kerja untuk keputusan investasi yang terinformasi dengan menggabungkan faktor-faktor seperti suku bunga bebas risiko, beta aset, dan premi risiko pasar. Hal ini juga menentukan biaya modal bagi perusahaan, membantu dalam penganggaran modal dan proyek investasi. Model tiga faktor, yang merupakan perpanjangan dari CAPM, mencakup premi risiko pasar, premi ukuran, dan premi nilai. Model ini memungkinkan investor untuk mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspektasi pengembalian suatu portofolio, sehingga menghasilkan strategi investasi yang lebih strategis dan dinamis. Dengan menganalisis ukuran dan nilai premi, investor dapat mengidentifikasi peluang di perusahaan kecil atau
saham yang dinilai terlalu rendah untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. CAPM dan model tiga faktor memiliki kelebihan dan keterbatasan. CAPM menawarkan kerangka standar untuk membandingkan peluang investasi, meningkatkan kinerja portofolio, dan meningkatkan keuntungan secara keseluruhan. Model tiga faktor membantu investor memahami hubungan antara risiko dan pengembalian, mendiversifikasi portofolio, dan memanfaatkan anomali pasar. Namun, model-model ini mungkin mengabaikan risiko spesifik terkait industri atau faktor makroekonomi eksternal, sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan yang bias dan pengambilan keputusan yang kurang optimal. Investor harus menggunakan pendekatan komprehensif terhadap manajemen portofolio, dengan mempertimbangkan analisis tambahan dan berbagai faktor untuk memitigasi risiko. Tinjauan literatur sistematis mengenai keuangan berkelanjutan dan keuangan hijau dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dan mengikuti kerangka PRISMA. Proses ini mencakup mengidentifikasi kata kunci yang relevan, melakukan seleksi studi, mengekstraksi data yang relevan, menilai kualitas atau risiko bias, dan mensintesis temuan. Kesimpulannya, memahami berbagai model penilaian investasi dapat meningkatkan keterampilan investor dalam menavigasi pasar keuangan dan mencapai tujuan investasi mereka. Bukti empiris mendukung model tiga faktor, menunjukkan peningkatan akurasi dalam prediksi pengembalian aset. Dengan memasukkan faktor-faktor ini ke dalam strategi investasi, investor dapat menavigasi kompleksitas pasar dengan lebih baik dan membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat.
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